FIGURE S2.10.4.2 b)
CONTINUOUS BULGING WHERE ONLY SOME BULGES EXCEED ALLOWABLE DEFORMATION
Figure S4.7.2
STAR CRACK IN CORRODED LINER. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS EXTERNAL IMPACT.
Figure S4.7.3-a
GUSSET CRACK. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE EXCESSIVE LOAD DUE TO UNSUPPORTED VALVE, PIPE, OR OVERSTRESS AND AGE.
Figure S4.7.3-b
CRACKED FLANGE. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE INCORRECT MATCH-UP OF FLANGES, OVER-TORQUE OF BOLTS AT FIT-UP, MANUFACTURING DEFECT, OR EXCESSIVE PIPING LOADS.
Figure S4.7.3-c
CRACKED FLANGE. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS BOLTING DISSIMILAR FLANGES TOGETHER (FULL-FACED FLANGE WITH RAISED-FACE FLANGE).
Figure S4.10-a
EXCESSIVE HEAT. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE LOCALIZED HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXCURSIONS.
Figure S4.10-b
LAMINATE VOIDS AT OVERLAYS.
Figure S4.10-c
SURFACE DETERIORATIONS. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE EXPOSURE TO HOT WATER AND/OR STEAM AND CHEMICAL ATTACK.
Figure S4.10-d
BLISTERS. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS EXPOSURE TO STEAM OR PURIFIED HOT WATER.
Figure S4.10-e
SURFACE EROSION. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE HIGH FLOW RATE OF FLUIDS, EROSION DUE TO PARTICULATES IN FLUID, AND CHEMICAL ATTACK/SOFTENING OF RESIN.
Figure S4.10-f
CORROSION/EROSION.
Figure S4.10-g
CRACKS. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS IMPACT FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE.
Figure S4.10-h
CORROSION (LOSS OF VEIL).
Figure S4.10-i
SHELL FRACTURE. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS EXTERIOR IMPACT.
Figure S4.10-j
CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID ATTACK.
Figure S4.10-k
BLISTER.
Figure S4.10-l
FIBER PROMINENCE. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT AND NO UV PROTECTION.
Figure S4.10-m
COLOR CHANGE.
Figure S4.10-n
CUT EDGE EVALUATION.
Figure S4.10-o
EROSION IN THE LINER.
Figure S4.10-p
GOUGE. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS MECHANICAL DAMAGE.
Figure S4.10-q
CRACKS AT THE KNUCKLE. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS INADEQUATE ANCHORING OF VESSEL.
Figure S4.10-r
SULFURIC ACID ATTACK AND THERMAL SHOCK.
Figure S4.10-s
AIR BUBBLES BEHIND THE VEIL (SHOWN AFTER CHEMICAL EXPOSURE)
Figure S4.10-t
DELAMINATIONS AND BLISTERS. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE EXPOSURE TO HIGH HEAT OR IMPROPER SURFACE PREPARATION OF LINER PRIOR TO STRUCTURAL APPLICATION.
Figure S4.10-u
FLANGE CRACKING.
Figure S4.10-v
ELASTOMERIC GASKET EXTRUDING. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE EXCESSIVE BOLT TORQUE OR IMPROPER BOLTING SEQUENCE.
Figure S4.10-w
INCORRECT GUSSET ATTACHMENT. POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE GUSSETS NOT EXTENDING OUT FROM FLANGE A MINIMUM OF 30° FROM THE AXIS OF NOZZLE NECK, OR GUSSET ATTACHMENTS USED AS PART OF THE FLANGE THICKNESS.
Figure S4.10-x
STAR CRACK. POSSIBLE CAUSE IS EXTERNAL IMPACT.
Figure S4.10-y
EXCESSIVE USE OF PUTTY.
FIGURE S10.10
ROLLING BALL IMPACT CALIBRATION SETUP
FIGURE S10.10.3
FRONT END WAVEFORM
